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Inclusion in education must start in the early years when the foundation for lifelong learning is built and fundamental values and attitudes are formed. Inequality in learning and development emerges during early childhood, before children begin primary school. Beginning to address inclusion when children begin primary school is simply too late.

While girls continue to face severe disadvantages and inequalities in education, the report shows that boys in many countries are at greater risk than girls of repeating grades, failing to complete different education levels and having poorer learning outcomes in school. No less than 132 million boys of primary and secondary school age are out of school. They urgently require support.